Chemistry · Class 11Structure of atom

Orbital shapes

Pick n, l and an orbital, and watch the electron's probability cloud take shape, with every node where the electron is never found.

Orbital

n
l
m
Readouts
ψ positiveψ negative
Radial probability, 4πr²R²
What's happening

Node rules
NCERT Chemistry Class 11 · Ch. 2 Structure of Atom, 2.6

Clouds are 16,000 points sampled from the exact hydrogen wavefunctions, |ψ|² = |Rnl(r) Ylm|², using real orbitals; a₀ = 52.9 pm. Three of the seven 4f orbitals are shown. Keys: ← → step through orbitals, 1–3 switch views.

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